\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{1} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1}Abbreviations}{1} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2}Acknowledgments}{2} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Arabic}{2} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}English}{2} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Northumberland, 1256}{2} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Yorkshire, 1301}{2} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Yorkshire, 1379}{3} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Gaelic}{3} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Irish Gaelic}{3} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}German}{3} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}Upper Rhine, 12th--13th C}{3} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Hungarian}{4} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Italian}{4} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Jewish}{5} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.1}14th-century Navarre}{5} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {9}Old Norse}{5} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {10}Welsh}{5} \contentsline {section}{References}{5}