Early 14^th C. Byzantine Names of Macedonia

by Maridonna Benvenuti

© 2001, 2013; Andrea Hicks

From Peasant Society in the Late Byzantine Empire by Angeliki E. Laiou-Thomadakis, Princeton University Press, 1977, ISBN 0-691-95252-2.

The Byzantine peasants of the 14^th century were commonly identified by a given or baptismal name and some other form of identification: aoccupational byname, patronym or matronym, a nickname, or toponymn.

Although the author's data could define only a fragmentary pattern for peasant naming in the 14^th century, given names usually fell into these categories: (1) referring to God, Christ, and the Virgin; (2) saints; (3) derived from feasts, Christmas and Easter most importantly. (4) Well known family names like Komene and Choniatissa; (5) names of foreign origin.

Children were ordinarily named after the paternal or maternal grandparents, after parents, or siblings as they are today.

The heads of households were identified in a number of ways.

In the 12^th century records of Lavra, 87% of the heads of households were identified only by family relationships or rubric. In the 15^th century villages of Gomatou, Pinsson and Drymosita, 7% were identified by craft or profession; 12% were identified by a toponymn and 4% were mentioned by first name only. The other 77% was identified by nickname, or by a 'proper' name derived from a baptismal name or a stated relationship to someone else. I think the author means surname when saying 'proper' name. Her data has a couple of examples of inherited names which were just taking hold.

The heads of households were identified in a number of ways.

(1) They may have both a baptismal (given) and a second name (by-name).

Konstantinos the Pelekites

Demetrios the shoemaker from Voleron

Widow Anatolike, identifies a woman through a topomyn

(2) Identification may be made on the basis of relationship with others.

widow Kale, wife of Konstantinos the Pelekites

widow Theodora Pelekito

Ioannes, son of Chalkeus

Michael, brother of Nikolaos Chalkeus

Theodora, daughter of Kelliotes

(Argyre) "wife of Kelliotes"

Demetrios, son-in-law of Panagiotes

Widows could also keep their father's or grandfather’s names. In 1301 Zoe, daughter of Theodoros Tzykalas, was married to a man named Michael, but after his death she appears as 'widow Zoe of Tzykalas'. Zoe’s daughter, Anna, who was also a widow retained her grandfather's name and was known as Anna, widow of Tzykalas.

(3) Very poor of households or those with little property heads could be found identified by their baptismal name only.

Masculine Names

Feminine Names

Bynames

Names deriving from crafts or professions*

* Of these the only professions are that of priest and deacon. Other crafts not exercised by peasants are cook, steward, reader, ropemaker, and boatmaker.

Monastery of Iveron, villages Gomatou, Melintziani, Ierissos, Kato Volvos, and Xylorygion, in 1301, 1320, 1341. Dölger, "Sech Praktika," Praktika, A, P, V.

Monastery of Lavra, villages Gomatou, Ierissos, Selas, Gradista, and Metalin in 1300. Gomatous, Selas, Gradista, Metalin, Gournai, Aghia Euphemia, Sarantarea, Pinsson, Karvaioi, Skelochorion, Panaghia, Neochorion, Kyra Pegadia, Paschali, Genna, Loroton in 1321.

Monastery of Xenophon, village Stomion in 1300, 1320, 1338; villages Psalidofourna-Neakitou and Ierissos in 1320 and 1338. L. Petit, Actes de Xénophon, Vizantiiskij Vremennik, 10 (1903), appendix 1, nos. 3, 7, 11.

Monastery of Zographou, villages of Ierissos and Symeon in 1300, 1320; villages Ano Volvos and Epano Antigonia in 1320. Regel-Kurtz-Korablev, Zographou, nos. XV,XVII. For the dates, cf. Ostrogorskij, Féodalité, 266-271.

Monastery of Chilandar, villages of Leipsochorion and Evnouchou in 1318. L. Petit, Actes de Chilabndar, I, Actes grecs, Vizantiiskij Vremennik, 17 (1911), appendix I, no.38; on the date cf. Ostrogorskij, Féodalité,273.

Bompaire, J. Actes de Xéropotamou, Paris, 1964.

Guillou, A. Les archives de Saint-Jean Prodrome sur le mont Ménécée. Paris, 1955.

Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, on-line, Vol. III.B, Oxford Univ. , http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/names2.html

Lefort, J. Actes d'Esphiigménou. Paris, P. Lethielleux, 1973.

Lemerle, P. "un praktikon inédit des archives de Karakala (Janvier 1342) et la situation en Macédoine orientale au moment del'usurpation de Cantacuzène," vol. 1, Athens, 1965, 278-298.

---------- Actes de Kutlumus. Paris, P. Lethielleux, 1945.

Mošin, V. "Akti iz svetogorshkih arhiva," Crpska kraljevska Akademija, Spomennik, 12 (Belgrade, 1939), 155-260.

Oikonomidès, N. Actes de Dionysiou. Paris, 1968.

Petit, L. Actes de Pantocrator, Vizantiiskj Vremennik, 10, 1903, appendix II.

Regel, W. , E. Kurtz, B. Korblev, Actes de Philothée, Vizantiiskij Vremennik, 20 (1913), appendix 1.

Regel, W. Χρυσόβουλλα καì Γράματατης εν τω˛ Άγίω˛όρει ίερâςκαìσεβασμίςμεγίστης μονηˆςτουˆ Βατοπεδίον. St. Petersburg, 1898.

Unpublished Documents

Vatopedi

College de France; Praktikons of possessions in the Themes of Thessaloniki and Strymon, nos. 338 & 334. 1300-01; 14^th C.

Lavra

College de France: Periorismos of the domains of Lavra in Macedonia, Theme of Thessaloniki, 1300 & 1321.

No. II, 91of the College de France: Praktikon of possessions in the Theme of Thessaloniki 1300.

No. II, 109 of the.College de France: Praktikon of possessions of Lavra near Thessaloniki 1321.

No. 215 of the College de France: Praktikon of possessions of Lavra in the Theme of Thessaloniki, 1409.

Nos. II, 35, 36 of the College de France: Praktikon of possessions in the Theme of Strymon, 1317.

No. 138 of the College de France: Praktikon of possessions in the Theme of Strymon, 1336

Nos. II, 103, 105 of the College de France: Praktika of possessions in the Theme of Strymon.

Iveron

No. 43 of the College de France: Praktikon of possessions in the Theme of Strymon. Probable date, 1320.

Two unpublished praktika given to Michael Saventzes and Nikolaos Maroules, preserved in the archives of the monastery of Xenophon.